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br Analytical improvements Since our review
2020-05-06
Analytical improvements Since our review of “Oxysterol Metabolomes” in 2011 [7], there have been a number of improvements in analytical methods for the analysis of oxysterols and related compounds. McDonald and colleagues in Dallas have refined their LC-MS methods which are now applicable for ana
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Oysters belong to the second largest animal
2020-05-06
Oysters belong to the second largest animal phylum Mollusca, and they are globally distributed aquaculture animals (Wang et al., 2018). A number of studies have demonstrated that oysters have evolved an integrated and complex innate immune system to recognize and eliminate various invaders. An array
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br Introduction The innate immune system
2020-05-06
Introduction The innate immune system stands the first line of the defense that protects the host from viral intrusion, depending on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the corresponding pathways [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the invading viruses
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Here we uncover a highly diverse
2020-05-06
Here we uncover a highly diverse superfamily of self-replicating MGEs, dubbed pipolins, which are present in three major bacterial phyla, as well as in mitochondria, and encode divergent PolB carrying TPR1 and TPR2 subdomains. Biochemical characterization of a representative enzyme encoded by a pipo
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The CysLT receptor antagonist BayCysLT
2020-05-06
The CysLT2 receptor antagonist BayCysLT2RA significantly suppressed multiple antigen challenge-induced infiltration of eosinophils and mononuclear DMOG into the lung, indicating that CysLT2 receptor activation is involved in leukocyte migration. In contrast to the present finding, Barret et al. [21
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In summary we show that PE significantly ameliorate HCD indu
2020-05-06
In summary, we show that PE significantly ameliorate HCD-induced atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice. Dietary fiber may influence the intestinal microbiota and thus the circulating levels of SCFAs. SCFAs, such as butyrate, inhibit cholesterol uptake and promote cholesterol excretion from enterocytes. Ou
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br Discussion Our data demonstrate that
2020-05-06
Discussion Our data demonstrate that the bicyclam AMD3100 strongly interacts with CXCR-4, whereas DS and AR177, two other compounds that also interfere with virus entry into the Cy5.5 NHS ester (and interfere with virus binding), do not. AMD3100 is a unique compound in that it interferes with th
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In the literature we can find two
2020-05-06
In the literature, we can find two different modes of action for estrogens: Firstly there is the commonly accepted genomic pathway. Estrogens pass the cell membrane due to their lipophilic character via diffusion and bind to estrogen receptors (ERs) in the cytoplasm. After binding a dimerization of
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Endothelin appears to have direct
2020-05-06
Endothelin 1 appears to have direct effects on neoplastic CGRP (rat) by inducing cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and inhibition of apoptosis [10]. Endothelin 1 mediates mitogenic effects in some epithelial tumors such as colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancers [11], [12]
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Our results showed that in elastase induced AAA
2020-05-06
Our results showed that in elastase-induced AAA, TGF-β neutralization finely tunes macrophage phenotype. Note that several studies have already addressed the role of M1 markers, such as IL-6 and IL-1β, or M2 markers, including IL-10 and TGF-β.4, 9, 10, 11 The expression and the role of ARG1 in AAA h
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Experimentally measured DGAT activity was first reported by
2020-05-05
Experimentally measured DGAT activity was first reported by Weiss et al. (1960) and several different types of DGAT enzyme have since been described in plants [12,41,42]. As recently as 2011 there appeared to be just two DGAT enzymes both in plants and in other eukaryotes, namely DGAT1 and DGAT2 [43
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Adenine HCl br Conclusions The present study
2020-05-05
Conclusions The present study demonstrated that CuE possesses strong hepatotoxicity. CuE is not only a mechanism-based inhibitor of human CYP3A4, but also inhibits P-gp activity in vitro. In whole animal studies, CuE induces CYP3A and P-gp after a long-term treatment but inhibits the activities o
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br Role of CRF receptors
2020-05-05
Role of CRF1 receptors in the BNST in stress-induced relapse to cocaine seeking The seminal work of Stewart and co-workers [19] showed that rats that have extinguished their auto-administration of different drugs of abuse relapse to drug-seeking behaviour when exposed to footshock, even after a 4
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We then analyzed Ki proliferation index as a
2020-05-05
We then analyzed Ki-67 proliferation index as a categorical variable by using 15%, essentially the median Ki-67 value in the entire study group (see above), to delineate low and high proliferation subgroups. By Fisher\'s exact test, both the type 1 versus non-type 1 EWS-FLI1 comparison (P = 0.047; T
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In the frontal cortex the present study found
2020-05-05
In the frontal cortex, the present study found a relationship between working memory performance and activated Erk2 expression for the E2-only group, where animals that tended to perform better on the WMC measure tended to have higher activated Erk2 expression. This suggests that there is a unique r
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