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A recent novel and important finding
2021-11-05
A recent novel and important finding is that YAP connects cellular growth with anabolism; YAP suppresses the transcriptional induction of genes which importantly regulate gluconeogenesis in the liver; namely glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1
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In the present study we
2021-11-04
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a common dairy and beef genetic background on the mRNA Kif15-IN-2 receptor of the AdipoQ system and GPR109A in different adipose depots and liver. Materials and Methods Results Comparing fat masses between families (fat-type vs. lea
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Alpha synuclein AS is a protein located
2021-11-04
Alpha synuclein (AS) is a protein located in presynaptic terminals of neurons that functions in recycling and storage of neurotransmitters [17]. Under conditions of inflammation and oxidative stress, AS proteins misfold and accumulate into NVP-CGM097 [81], [90]. The aggregates of misfolded AS oligi
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Koumine ICH induced striatal lesion produced
2021-11-04
ICH-induced striatal lesion produced a reduction of EAAT1 expression analogous to the decreased glutamate uptake at 6 h. The combined reduction of excitatory amino Koumine transporters and of glutamate uptake activity might explain the well-known glutamate excitotoxicity following brain ischemia (Ra
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Underlying this study is the hypothesized importance of insu
2021-11-04
Underlying this study is the hypothesized importance of insulin and glucose metabolism on bone. In our investigation of GIP and GIPR gene polymorphisms in relation to bone phenotypes in young and old women our findings depict a complex relationship between glucose metabolism genes and bone. In the c
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Gap junctions mediate electrical coupling between cells by c
2021-11-04
Gap junctions mediate electrical coupling between cells by conducting direct ionic currents and thereby modulate their electrical activity (Hormuzdi et al., 2004). In the nervous system, electrical coupling organizes network activity by amplifying and synchronizing neuronal firing (Galarreta and Hes
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LXRs are physiological regulators of cholesterol
2021-11-04
LXRs are physiological regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism and influence glucose metabolism. In addition, they have been shown to repress transcription of certain pro-inflammatory genes (Jakobsson et al., 2012; Ogawa et al., 2005; Terasaka et al., 2005). Thus, LXRs can either activate or
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The Hippo pathway has been
2021-11-04
The Hippo pathway has been well established as a tumor suppressor pathway and is involved in many diverse biologic processes including cell growth, cell death, and organ size control in organisms, ranging from Drosophila to mammals [4]. Central to this pathway is a kinase cascade in which the Ste20-
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Taking all these results into
2021-11-04
Taking all these results into account, we propose a model for the evolution of HIV DNA forms in blood during the natural history of HIV infection (Fig. 4a). During PHI, the labile linear and episomal HIV DNA forms are particularly abundant and mostly constitute evidence of active replication in rece
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Compared to the other histamine receptor subtypes the H
2021-11-04
Compared to the other Gefitinib receptor subtypes, the H3 receptor exhibits rather complex pharmacology, being subject to extensive splicing, leading to two major (H3-445 and H3-365) and possibly more functional human receptor isoforms; for a comprehensive review please see Leurs et al. (2005) and
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Mammals have three known Gli
2021-11-03
Mammals have three known Gli proteins: Gli-1, -2 and -3. Gli-1 does not undergo proteosomal degradation and hence, remains untruncated and always acts as a transcription promoter. Gli-1 is an important target gene for Gli-2. Full-length Gli-2 accumulates when Smo is activated because activated Smo p
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There is evidence for an adverse sympatho stimulatory
2021-11-03
There is evidence for an adverse sympatho-stimulatory effect in the medulla oblongata mediated by the α1/β1 isoform, implying a possible benefit of selective α2/β1 activation [19]. While the stimulator BAY 41–2272 increases NO-sensitivity of both isoforms [20], a prevalence of the α1/β1 isoform comp
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Over the last years numerous studies gave insights into
2021-11-03
Over the last 15 years, numerous studies gave insights into sGC activation and binding of activators: Photoaffinity labelling studies with cinaciguat suggested the N-terminus of the β1 subunit as target region for this new drug [17]. Schmidt et al. identified the amino acids tyrosine 135, serine 137
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Two distinct mechanisms have been
2021-11-03
Two distinct mechanisms have been described for niacin’s macrophage-based actions [21,22]. First, niacin blocks recruitment of macrophages to atherosclerotic lesions. Second, niacin upregulates macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1, transporters involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Upregulation of choles
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Thyroid hormone triiodothyronine T and its
2021-11-03
Thyroid hormone 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and its precursor, thyroxine (T4), are iodinated compounds, which are known to regulate the expression of genes involved in various biological processes, such as development, growth and metabolic control. The iodothyronine deiodinase types I, II and III (
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