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To determine the post translation modifications in
2023-10-11
To determine the post-translation modifications in chicken adiponectin, we isolated adiponectin from chicken adipose tissue by immunoprecipitation. Chicken adiponectin was then subjected to tryptic digestion and UPLC/MS/MS. The collagenous domain of chicken adiponectin was found to possess certain P
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K-7174 receptor Adiponectin also suppresses inflammatory sti
2023-10-11
Adiponectin also suppresses inflammatory stimuli-induced NF-kappaB activation, which may significantly contribute to the anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic effects of adiponectin (Ouchi et al., 2000). The downstream mediators of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, RPPAR and AMPK increase inflammatory responses by
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br Actin cytoskeleton in protrusion Pushing force driving
2023-10-11
Actin cytoskeleton in protrusion Pushing force driving membrane protrusion is generated by polymerizing 3,4-DAA mg filaments organized either into branched networks or parallel bundles. Branched networks are assembled through Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin nucleation and drive protrusion of lame
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In addition we performed Western blot analysis of
2023-10-11
In addition, we performed Western-blot analysis of different areas of mouse brain with Alsterpaullone against mAck1 (Ureña et al., 2005). The data obtained showed a high rate of expression in neocortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem (Fig. 4). More moderate levels of expression were seen in
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It has been recognized for decades
2023-10-10
It has been recognized for decades that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system may release both a fast-acting, typically amino acid derived neurotransmitter such as glutamate or GABA, and a second peptidergic neuromodulatory molecule such as neuropeptide Y, substance P, or cholecystokinin.
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Although experiments on animals and cells indicate that anti
2023-10-10
Although experiments on animals and cells indicate that antioxidant and free radical scavenging agents have protective effects against brain damage, the results of preclinical trials are not as encouraging. Edaravone is a type of free radical scavenging drug that was first used as a neuroprotective
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LPA binds to six specific cell surface GPCR receptors The
2023-10-10
LPA binds to six specific cell surface GPCR receptors. The receptors LPA1 (lysophosphatidic receptor 1, formerly, Edg2), LPA2 (Edg4) and LPA3 (Edg7) belong to the endothelial differentiation gene family (EDG) and share sequence homology (50–60% amino Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (human) australia homo
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Various cardiovascular diseases show a high occurrence of
2023-10-10
Various cardiovascular diseases show a high occurrence of autophagosomes. Whereas basal autophagy is required for the proper functioning of cardiomyocytes [82], the deletion of Atg5 gene in myocardium shows a high risk of cardiomyopathy [83]. Hamacher et al. observed that an upregulation of Bnip3, a
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94 7 Although mature fibrils formed from A aggregates
2023-10-10
Although mature fibrils formed from Aβ 94 7 have long been thought to be the main neurodegenerative agents in AD, recent evidence suggests that soluble multimers of these pathogenic proteins, referred to here as “oligomers,” may initiate the synaptic and neuronal dysfunction associated with AD and
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Interestingly metabolic dysfunction is also observed in amyo
2023-10-10
Interestingly, metabolic dysfunction is also observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients and mouse models of familial ALS exhibit higher levels of resting Phos-tag expenditure and lower fat-free mass, indicating a hypermetabolic phenotype. Lim et al. (2012) found that reducing AMPK ac
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br Introduction The development and plasticity
2023-10-10
Introduction The development and plasticity of synapses involve the timely recruitment of a plethora of proteins on both pre- and postsynaptic sides through ill-defined mechanisms. At excitatory synapses, two of the major proteins that are dynamically recruited postsynaptically are the Ca2+/calmo
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br Results br Discussion Here we uncovered a role
2023-10-10
Results Discussion Here, we uncovered a role for Wnt-Fz7 signaling in LTP-dependent spine plasticity and synaptic localization of AMPARs. We demonstrated that LTP induction increased Wnt7a/b protein at kh7 and spines. Direct blockade of endogenous Wnts impaired LTP-mediated structural spine p
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The complex role of the human intestinal
2023-10-10
The complex role of the human intestinal microbiota is emerging and its functions has been elucidated when considering energy metabolism, nutrient digestion, vitamin synthesis, epithelial defenses and immune responses [34]. The colon is responsible for salvage of energy and possibly nitrogen from ca
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br Experimental procedure br Funding The
2023-10-10
Experimental procedure Funding The present study was supported by the Grant Russian Foundation for basic research (project no. 16-04-01517). Introduction 5-HT, a monoaminergic neurotransmitter, is synthesised from l-tryptophan catalysed by the enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph) and aroma
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br Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes
2023-10-10
Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and macrophages. All four adenosine receptor subtypes are expressed on monocytes and macrophages, and their levels and function undergo significant changes during the maturation of macrophages from monocytes. Indeed, quiescent monocytes are charac
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