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Accumulating evidence indicates that experience dependent al
2023-11-29
Accumulating evidence indicates that experience-dependent alterations in glutamate transmission in the NAc, such as those produced by repeated exposure to cocaine, involve alterations in postsynaptic signaling mediated by AMPA-type receptors (Pierce and Wolf, 2013, Wolf and Ferrario, 2010). In the N
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br Conclusions br Introduction During numerous physiological
2023-11-29
Conclusions Introduction During numerous physiological processes, aldehydes are generated from a variety of endogenous and exogenous precursors including amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids [1]. Most aldehydes are highly reactive and cytotoxic due to the strong electrophilic nature of the t
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Medium spiny neurons MSNs in
2023-11-29
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum start from a deeply hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, slowly depolarize and show a delayed start of firing during a current injection (Kawaguchi, 1993, Nisenbaum and Wilson, 1995, Planert et al., 2013). The firing pattern during the current inject
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Sperm total motility and hyperactivated
2023-11-29
Sperm total motility and hyperactivated motility are mediated by PLD-dependent glycine transporter polymerization [20]. Reduction of PIP2 synthesis inhibited actin polymerization and motility, and increasing PIP2 synthesis enhanced these activities. Furthermore, sperm demonstrating low motility cont
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The results show that a tonic action of ACh
2023-11-29
The results show that a tonic action of ACh on respiration is lacking. However, it is clear that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms can modulate both eupneic breathing and the cough reflex. When these mechanisms are brought into action is obscure and only tentative proposals can be advanced. ACh in t
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br Conclusion The HT receptor family is complex and
2023-11-29
Conclusion The 5-HT receptor family is complex, and one may ask as does Bryan Roth et al. [205] whether this is useless biotin-LC-LC-tyramide (i.e. too much redundancy) or an embarrassment of the riches (i.e. many potential targets to choose from to affect normal or pathological function); molec
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Having taken a step back from affinity
2023-11-29
Having taken a step back from affinity to gain better exposure and solubility, we started work to replace the unstable oxazolinone, and address the selectivity over the hERG channel. Keeping in mind the binding mode of the series from crystal structures, triazole was identified as another mildly aci
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Furthermore low affinity sites that share no structural homo
2023-11-29
Furthermore, low-affinity sites that share no structural homology with the aforementioned sites have been described in the transmembrane domain. It has been discovered that, in α1βγ2 receptors, potentiation of GABA-activated currents by high concentrations of diazepam is biphasic, with a high- and a
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The proposed method was also used to
2023-11-28
The proposed method was also used to evaluate resistance to natamycin (a natural antibiotic produced by Streptomyces natalensis used for fungal control on cheese surface) of 9 fungi, including those previously mentioned as well as Phoma pinodella UBOCC-A-116004, Candida parapsilosis UBOCC-A-216002,
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The primary structure of the A peptide
2023-11-28
The primary structure of the Aβ peptide can be divided into four regions based on hydrophobicity. The N-terminal residues 1–16 comprise the first hydrophilic region, which also contains the metal binding site. More specifically, side chain carboxylate of D1 and the side chain nitrogens of H6, H13 an
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One of the specifications of the
2023-11-28
One of the specifications of the NIA-AA research framework was that it 391 be applicable in two distinct research contexts—interventional trials and observational research. In many if not most modern AD interventional trials, individuals are selected for inclusion with the aid of biomarkers. The st
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Despite extensive studies on the expression of T pallidum in
2023-11-28
Despite extensive studies on the expression of T. pallidum-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, very little is known about T. pallidum-mediated intracellular signaling pathway activation, that leads to cytokine expression in macrophages. A network of signaling molecules, transcription factors, epigen
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The AhR molecule is composed of multiple functional domains
2023-11-28
The AhR molecule is composed of multiple functional domains [38]. In the N-terminal end, the AhR contains bHLH domain which is involved in DNA binding, dimerization with ARNT and association with chaperone proteins. The PAS domain, which is situated next to the bHLH domain consists of two structura
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PD research involves the use of many
2023-11-27
PD research involves the use of many animal models, which can be categorized into two main types: toxic models—among which the two most widely used are the classical 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model in rats and the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model in mice and monkeys—and gen
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The structural analysis of the ASK activation segment
2023-11-27
The structural analysis of the ASK1 activation segment, which was not phosphorylated in the crystal structure, showed interactions mimicking those found in activated kinases. In addition, the isolated unphosphorylated ASK1-CD is active and able to autophosphorylate itself at three sites, Thr813, Thr
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